A Money Economy Emerges In Nubia When What Is Introduced To The Area?
100 000 BC
Humans begin to migrate from Africa to other parts of the world
8500 BC – 6500 BC
In the Sahara Desert region, the people develop the use of pottery and use it for tools and dishes.
6000 BC
Agriculture develops in the Middle E with focus on barley and wheat. The domestication of sheep, goats and cattle precede the agricultural revolution. The animals started to be used for meat, milk and transportation for the people. Afterwards, donkeys too go domesticated, later spreading the practice to southwest Asia.
5000 BC
The continent is hit past a dry phase, drying up the Sahara region and causing the population that settled at that place to move abroad.
3500 BC
2 kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt emerge into ane.
3100 BC
Egypt is consolidated into 1 political entity under the pharaoh, Narmer, who is the master administrator of the kingdom. This is regarded as the Get-go Dynasty. Bureaucracies go more than centralized under the pharaoh's administration, run past viziers, revenue enhancement collectors, generals, artists and technicians. They engaged in tax collecting and the organizing of labour for major public works such as the building of irrigation systems and pyramids.
3100 BC
Ta-Seti (Nubian civilization), one of the first sacral kingdoms in the Nile is invaded by Arab republic of egypt and destroyed during the Beginning Dynasty. Smaller sacral kingdoms continued to exist but they soon became consolidated into larger kingdoms- two of which included the Kingdom of Sai and the Kingdom of Kerma. The Kingdom of Kerma became ane of the Hyskos allies at the fourth dimension they invaded Arab republic of egypt at the beginning of the country'southward Second Immediate Period.
3000 BC
By this time, the earliest forms of literacy in the world, hieroglyphic writings of ancient Egypt are invented.
3000 BC – 2000 BC
Aboriginal Somalis domesticate camels. This practice spreads to Due north Africa and Ancient Egypt
2950 BC
The first stone pyramid in Egypt is congenital by an architect, Imhotep. It was built at Saqqara, for the 3rd Dynasty'due south King Djoser. It was made by building several layers of stone on meridian of each other.
2575 BC
The Great Pyramids of Giza are built and are revered as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient Earth.
2181 BC – 2055 BC
The Offset Intermediate Period of Egypt occurs. The period spanned from the ninth to the eleventh dynasty and was marked by power divisions and civil wars. Two power bases, Heracleopolis (Lower Egypt) and Thebes (Upper Egypt) fought for control of the region. The Thebes came out victorious and reunited Egypt under one ruler, during the eleventh dynasty.
2130 BC
The Middle Kingdom emerges in Egypt.
2000 BC – grand BC
Herding is established in southern Kenya and Tanzania
1580 BC – 1080 BC
The New Kingdom begins in Egypt, bringing an end to the 2nd Intermediate Period and ushering in ane of the nation's about powerful pre-modern phases. With much political influence on the Mediterranean & Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya, the nation besides gains control of Palestine and Nubia.
1000 BC
The expansion of the Bantu people begins. Bantu languages originated in West Africa and began to spread to other parts of Africa; especially Fundamental, Southeast & Southern Africa. Experts believe that there are approximately 250 to 525 Bantu languages in beingness.
yard BC
The Nok Culture, a highly centralised community of people, is established in fundamental Nigeria. Past 500 BC, iron-smelting had go common to the Nok and they produced art in the form of lifelike animate being and human figures. The Nok are considered to have disappeared past 200 BC simply their influence is evident in the Yoruba Kingdom and Benin.
814 BC
The city of Carthage is established past Phoenicians from Tyre. The region became an influential power and trading entity in the Mediterranean.
760 BC
The Nubian Empire begins. The Kingdom of Kush, possibly arising out of the Kingdom of Kerma (which rebelled for centuries after being absorbed into the Egyptian Empire), invaded Arab republic of egypt and took over Thebes. The Kushites were later on expelled from Nubia by the Assyrian forces. The region later became a middle for cotton-cloth and iron industry.
730 BCE
The Nubian Empire begins. The Kingdom of Kush, maybe arising out of the Kingdom of Kerma, which had rebelled for centuries after beingness absorbed into the Egyptian Empire, invaded Egypt & took over Thebes. The Kushites were later on expelled from Nubia by Assyrian forces. The region later became a centre for cotton fiber-cloth and iron manufacture.
525 BC
The Persians invade Arab republic of egypt nether Cambyses II. He defeats the Egyptians in boxing at Pelsium in the Nile Delta.
509 BC
The starting time known treaty betwixt Carthage and Rome is written. It outlines the limitations to their commercial activities and influence over neighbouring regions. The treaty is the earliest record indicating that Sardinia and Sicily were nether Carthaginian control.
332 BC
Alexander the Great conquers Arab republic of egypt. He occupies Egypt and his general, Ptolemy, becomes king and finds a dynasty. During this dynasty, Greek civilization was spread throughout Egypt. The Great Lighthouse of Alexandria, in the city of Alexandria, became one of the Seven Wonders of the Aboriginal World.
300 BC
The Meroitic alphabet replaces Egyptian script in the influential region of Meroe. Made up of 23 characters, the alphabetic script was originally derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphics.
300 BC
Djenne-Djenno, a town in electric current 24-hour interval Mali, is established. The town is one of the oldest urbanised centres known. Information technology is associated with thriving markets and agriculture, most notably the domestication of African rice. The town is likewise known as being 1 of the earliest sites of atomic number 26 production in sub-Saharan Africa.
264 – 146 BC
A series of 3 wars (besides known as the Punic Wars) between Carthage and the Roman Republic sees Carthage destroyed. Its territory is renamed the Roman Province of Africa. the second of the wars (also known every bit the Hannibalic War) was 1 of the most famous of the Carthaginian military leader, Hannibal. Hannibal led his army from Iberia to Italy via the Alps. By the finish of the three wars, Carthage was destroyed and the remaining citizens were sold to slavery, as was the customs of the time. This was the beginning of the Roman hegemony in northern Africa.
100 CE – 200 CE
Later on being deported from Judea for rebelling against Roman rule, Jewish people go far in Roman North Africa. the meaning Jewish presence was evident and many Berber tribes converted to the faith.
3RD Century CE
Christianity begins to have influence in Roman North Africa. The arrival of Christianity demanded the worship of Christ in a church rather than the use of state resources to commemorate kings by their stelae.
Swahili culture begins to accept shape because of the interaction betwixt the local Bantu speaking people and the Persian and Arab merchants. The civilisation eventually began spreading to Tanzania and Kenya and thereafter to Mozambique.
quaternary Century CE
King Ezana of Aksum is converted to Christianity by two Christian traders. This begins the establishment of Ethiopian Christianity. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church provided the institutional support for the monarchy.
The surface area of Not bad Republic of zimbabwe is settled. The Ziwa and Gokomere communities survived by farming and mining the land. The expanse marks the earliest Iron Age settlements known of in the region. Great Zimbabwe would afterwards become the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe and serve as the first city in Southern Africa.
Republic of ghana, the oldest Sudanic empire, is founded. The empire prospered because of the taxation revenues from the trans-Saharan merchandise, linking Sijilmase and Tiaret to Aoudaghost. The empire controlled admission to goldfields, even though it was not involved in production. The empire likewise controlled access to all the salt and gilt that went through its territory.
300 CE
The country of Aksum in Eritrea and Ethiopia begins minting its own argent and gilded coins as their own Aksumite currency. The region was deeply involved in the trade network between India and the Mediterranean. The region exported ivory, gold and agricultural products.
400 CE – 500 CE
The Khoisan speaking people'southward linguistic communication and customs is absorbed into those of the Bantu speakers. The group is made upward of 2 culturally unlike people'southward, the Khoi and the San. The amaXhosa, the southernmost group of the Bantu speakers, took certain linguistic traits from the Khoisan.
420 CE
Vandals invade North Africa, relieving Rome of her territories in the region. This results in the Berber Kingdom's regained independence.
6TH Century CE
Aksum's empire grows, adding the Arabian region of Saba to its territories. With trade routes diverted from the Cherry-red Ocean to the Farsi Gulf, Aksum later declined and severely diminished past 800CE. Aksum also slipped into a reject because of environmental degradation and changes in the global climate.
Settlers from southeast Asia and later, from the east African mainland, settle in Madagascar. Banana and rice cultivation are introduced by the Asian settlers, while cattle and farming techniques are introduced by the Bantu speaking east Africans.
7TH Century CE
Spanish Jews flee persecution nether the Visigoths to N Africa, where they fabricated their homes in the Byzantine dominated cities along the Mediterranean coast.
642 CE
Arab Muslims conquer Byzantine Arab republic of egypt. Nether the rule of the Fatimid Caliphate the country increased their cotton production and thrived economically. Minted golden coins called the Fatimid dinar were used for international merchandise. Tax collection from farms proved lucrative for the Berber overlords – soldiers who had served in the Fatimid conquest – and to the caliphs of the time. During this time slave infantry was used in the military, made up of people from Sudan and Turkey.
711 CE
Arab Muslims have by this time conquered the entire North African region and Islam becomes the dominant religion in the region past the tenth century.
969 CE
Fatimid Rulers seize Egypt and the Egyptian city Al-Qahirah (present day Cairo), is founded.
9th Century CE
Kanem is founded. Kanuri-speaking nomads founded the Sudanic Empire of Kanem, which achieved ability through trans-Saharan trade. Slavery was practiced & slaves were captured from the south & traded for horses from North Africa.
The Kingdom of Nri rises under the leadership of the Eze Nri. Democratically run, men and occasionally women in the Kingdom's villages took office in conclusion-making processes.
10th Century CE
Syrian Shi'ite groups found the Fatimid Dynasty in Maghreb. The groups claimed descent from Muhammad's girl Fatima, and had conquered Maghreb by 950 CE and Egypt by 969 CE.
Sotho-Tswana states are formed on the Highveld, southward of the Limpopo River. Large towns of thousands of people made up early Tswana states north-west of the Vaal River, with settlers leaving to kickoff their ain states over time.
Indian and Arab trade settlement begins in northern Madagascar to take advantage of the Indian Ocean trade. Islam was introduced by the traders.
1050 CE
Approximately 250 000 Arab Egyptian nomads settle in Maghreb, spreading the Arab languages and contributing to the decline of the Berber language.
Berber soldiers revolt after tax revenue from farms is diminished. Their vehement resistance destabilised the power of the Fatimid caliphs and slowed trade in the region.
Early ironworks are used in what is currently known equally Kwa-Zulu Natal.
12th Century CE
The first state in Southern Africa, the Kingdom of Mapungubwe, arises. The Kingdom attained its wealth from ivory, copper and gold trade with Swahili merchants. Though Mapungubwe was abandoned by the eye of the post-obit century, information technology formed part of a development that would eventually lead to the creation of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 13th century.
The Akan Kingdom of Bonoman is established in what is now the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana and eastern Cote d'ivoire. This kingdom, along with a few others, was predecessors to the powerful Empire of Ashanti which rose in the 18th century.
1115 CE
One of the longest-running dynasties in homo history, the Sayfawa (Saifawa) dynasty was founded by Humai (Hummay) ibn Salamna & was centred in Kanem, Chad & then in Borno, Nigeria. This Islamic dynasty ran for 771 years eventually losing the throne in 1886.
1140s CE
Abd al-Mu'min forms the Almohad Empire later on declaring jihad on the Almoravids and uniting the northern Berbers against them.
Maghreb sees the establishment of mathematics and literacy, as well as the development of algebra.
1160s CE
European crusaders threaten Fatimid in Arab republic of egypt, leading to the rise of a Kurdish general, who became well-known for the impressive defence he and his army provided for Muslims.
1171 CE
Saladin becomes ruler of Egypt and the Ayyubid Dynasty begins. Sunni Islam is reinstated in the region and people from Turkey and southern Russian federation are increasingly brought in as Mamluk slaves to fulfil the military infantry needs. Cairo becomes an of import centre of Islamic learning.
13TH Century CE
Christianity in Nubia declines after the church and nobility diminish the monarchy'due south potency. Islam slowly became introduced to the region by Sufist Fakirs.
1220 CE
The kingdom of Zimbabwe is established. During the 13th century the Kingdom would construct a series of large stone structures in its capital of Great Zimbabwe. Some of these structures, like "the great enclosure", were the largest ancient structures in Sub-Saharan Africa. Corking Zimbabwe seizes control of the Indian Bounding main merchandise and the wealth it produced from its gilt supply.
1230 CE
The Empire of Ghana comes to an end when its capital is seized past Takrur, in northern Senegal.
1235 CE
The empire of Republic of mali is established. The empire of Mali had a huge cultural and historical influence on nigh of western Africa, including the construction of the Great Mosque of Djenné. The Great Mosque is considered one of the most important centres of learning in medieval Africa. The empire is ushered in by the defeat of Soumaoro Kanté, king of the Sosso or southern Soninke by Sundiata (Lord Panthera leo) of the Keita association at the Battle of Kirina.
1250 CE
Mamluk slaves in Arab republic of egypt have landed aristocracy with significant ability. They succeed in establishing their ain, Mamluk dynasty after overthrowing the Ayyubid Dynasty. Their military dictatorship controlled Egypt for 250 years.
1260 CE
Arab republic of egypt, nether the Mamluk Dynasty halts the Mongol invasion at the Battle of Ain Jalut. By this time the country'southward territories included Palestine and Syria. Arab republic of egypt had come to be known as a protector of Islam and of Mecca and Medina.
1285 CE
Sakura, a freed slave, usurps the throne to the Mali Empire. Sakura becomes the 6th Mansa of Republic of mali. New conquests such as Gao were made under his dominion.
1300 CE – 1400 CE
The Luba people near Lake Kisale in Central Africa are unified under the leadership of Kongolo Mwamba (Nkongolo) of the Balowe clan. Through him, the dynasty of Kongolo, which was afterwards ousted by Kalala Ilunga, was founded. The Luba political system, which spread to other parts of Central Africa, western Congo, southern Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mali, Burundi and Rwanda, utilised a system of spiritual kings with direct spiritual access to ancestral spirits. The balopwe, or system of spiritual kings (mulopwe) maintained ability through spiritual strength rather than military authorization.
Large southeast African states such as Karagwe and Buganda emerge in Tanzania and Uganda. The Buganda Kingdom was founded past the Baganda or Ganda people whose ancestors may have migrated northwest of Lake Victoria 400 years prior.
1324 CE
Mansa Musa, the tenth mansa or emperor of the Kingdom of Mali, makes a pilgrimage to Mecca with a large cavalry which included slaves and animals, all carrying gold which was distributed along the way to Mecca. Eyewitness accounts tell of Musa'southward impressive wealth and big procession and his pilgrimage was well-recorded by witnesses along the manner. Musa's generosity inadvertently damaged the economies of the regions he passed through and in large cities like Mecca, Cairo and Medina, gold was devalued for over ten years since his pilgrimage. Musa rectified the harm acquired by borrowing excessive amounts of gold from money-lenders at high interest, marker the just occasion during which a unmarried individual controlled the gilt prices in the Mediterranean.
1330 CE – 1337 CE
Mansa Musa ruler of the empire of Mali cements the University of Sankore as an establishment of learning. At its apex, it housed one of the largest libraries in the globe, with between 400,000 and 700,000 manuscripts.
1366 CE
Mamluks invade Nubia during a period of unrest.
1388 CE
Later on a long catamenia of internal and external struggle and several disputed successions, the Kanem Empire ceases to exist. The terminal death knell occurs when the remnants of the Empire is conquered by the Bulala people from Lake Fitri, in modern day Chad. The empire was ruled past the Sefuwa dynasty, which continued to rule the Bornu state until 1846 CE, and is counted as the longest ruling dynasty in Africa.
1390 CE
The kingdom of Kongo is established in cardinal Africa by the Bakongo peoples. The capital, Yard'banza Kongo, was at its pinnacle inhabited by almost 100,000 people. It was 1 of the largest cities of Sub-Saharan Africa.
15TH Century CE
The Shilluk Kingdom is established by Nyikang, the Kingdom's first ruler. The Kingdom'south capital was in Fashoda, South Sudan, along the western bank of the White Nile.
Trading relationships were established between Somalia and Malacca. The primary trading commodities were porcelain, fabric, and ambergris. With the trade of wild fauna and incense to the Ming Empire in China, Somali merchants were the leading merchants operating between Africa and Asia. This trade served to accept such effects as influences over the Chinese linguistic communication by introducing Somali terms to the region's languages.
Federal democratic republic of ethiopia seeks diplomatic contact with European kingdoms in virtually 500 years.
Merina is established in the primal highlands of Madagascar. The region controlled the isle by the 19th century.
1400 CE
The Sayfawa Dynasty moves its majuscule to Bornu, an empire established by the Kanuri people and led by the Sayfawa. The Sayfawa Dynasty is the first known southward-Saharan monarchs to import firearms.
1430 CE
A prince from the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Nyatsimba Mutota, travels n to expand commerce and to find new sources of salt. 350 km north of Great Zimbabwe, he finds a city from which the Kingdom of Mutapa - likewise known as Wilayatu '50 Mu'anamutapah or mwanamutapa (Lord of the Plundered Lands) - is established.
1450s CE
Cracking Zimbabwe is abandoned, perhaps because of a decline in trade, political instability, wearied mines, and climatic alter which resulted in water shortages and famine.
The Lunda peoples are united nether the union between their queen Rween and a Luba member of royalty from the Ilunga Tshibinda. The Lunda kingdom was later expanded by their son, Mulopwe Luseeng. His son, Naweej farther expanded the empire and became the first known emperor of Lunda. His championship was mwato yamvo (mwaant yaav, mwant yav), the Lord of Vipers.
1468 CE
Songhai leader, Sonni Ali, captures Timbuktu from the Tuareg. His heirs were deposed after his decease in 1492 past General Muhammed Ture (he later founded the Askiya Dynasty). Under Ture's rule, Timbuktu became a centre for Islamic learning.
1480 CE
Mutope, son of Nyatsimba Mutota who founded the Kingdom of Mutapa, dies and the empire is split up into two smaller empires: Torwa and Mutapa.
1483 CE
Portuguese explorers country in what was then known as the Kingdom of Kongo. Following this, the ruling king at the time, Nzinga a Nkuwu, converted to Christianity. This was the beginning of the Portuguese slave trade in the region. Information technology would also be the beginnings of a turbulent and often shifting relationship between the two states, which culminated in the Kingdom of Kongo becoming a vassal state of Portugal about 380 years later.
16TH Century CE
The Wadai Kingdom is founded by the Tunjur people, due east of Bornu. The kingdom gained independence and became an aggressor against its neighbours, Bornu and Durfur, in the 18th century.
The Saadis, a nomadic Arab nomad tribe that claimed descent from Muhammad's girl, conquered and united Morocco. They removed Portugal from the western coast of Kingdom of morocco and prevented the Ottoman Empire from reaching the Atlantic.
The Nubian kingdoms of Nobadia and Makuria are Islamized. The last Christian region, Soba, is conquered under Abdallah Jamma. Alodia, of which Soba was the capital, later fell under the Funj Sultanate. Funj herders who migrated to Alodia and expanded the kingdom from 1504 – 1505 converted to Islam by the stop of the 16th Century.
Through the institution of markets along the Zambezi River, the Portuguese gain a mensurate of military and political control over Mutapa, the empire which arose out of the fall of Smashing Zimbabwe under Nyatsimba Mutota.
The Portuguese fail to found commercial command on the Swahili Declension after facing Swahili resistance.
The Sakalava Kingdom is established on the w coast of Republic of madagascar.
The Oyo Empire (in today'south Nigeria) rises after being conquered in 1450 by Nupe. The Empire lasted 200 years until becoming a protectorate of Great Uk in 1888.
1500 CE
By this betoken the Kingdom of Mutapa has conquered several surrounding kingdoms, including the Kingdom of the Manyika, equally well as the coastal kingdoms of Kiteve and Madanda. At its largest expansion, the Kingdom of Mutapa cowered most of modern twenty-four hours Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and the northern function of South Africa.
1508 CE
Under emperor Lebna Dengel, Ethiopia forms relations with Portugal. This connection aided Federal democratic republic of ethiopia during Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi's attacks to the empire, through the provision of weapons and soldiers. The Adal general and imam, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (too known as the "the Left-handed"), was defeated and helped to re-establish Ethiopian dominion under the emperor'due south son, Gelawdewos. This was noted as one of the outset proxy wars in the region, with Portugal and the Ottoman Empire took sides in the conflict.
1517 CE
Egypt becomes function of the Ottoman Empire after an easy defeat following the failure of the Mamluk military defense to keep up with modern weaponry technology, which included handguns and canons.
1585 CE
The Luba Kingdom was established in central Africa by Rex Kongolo Maniema of the Upemba people. The Kingdom had one million people paying tribute to the King at its peak. The capital of the Kingdom would be a centre of merchandise extending both to the Atlantic and Indian oceans. The Luba civilisation was held in high esteem by surrounding smaller kingdoms and in render for tribute, these rulers would be immune to take Luba ancestors as their own.
1591 CE
Under the leadership of Ahmad al-Mansur, the newly powerful Moroccan land invaded Songhai and held command of the region until the 17th century. They had control over the gold merchandise.
17TH Century CE
The Wadai Empire emerges in in Chad and the Central African Republic. A revolt confronting the Islamic dynasty established by the Maba people occurred during this time.
The Tsitambala Kingdom is established on the e coast of Madagascar.
The Dahomey Kingdom is established in what is presently-known equally Republic of benin, with Agbome as its capital.
1603 CE
Morocco is split into 2 sultanates, Fes and Marrakesh, following the death of Ahmad al-Mansur.
1623 CE
Maravi leader, Mzura, turns on their Portuguese allies to assist the Shona later on defeating his rival, Lundi. A few years later, he welcomed the return of the Portuguese for trading purposes. The Maravi Empire ceased to exist later on Mzura's death.
1628 CE
Following a boxing, the Portuguese could replace leadership in Mutapa with a lord under their control, who would sign treaties in Portugal's favour, giving them unlimited control over mineral export rights. By undermining merchandise, the Portuguese successfully destroyed the mwanamutapa system of government and the region was in serious reject past 1667.
1652 CE
The Dutch found a permanent settlement at Table Bay in the Western Cape of what is currently known every bit South Africa later on initially establishing a replenishing station for passing ships. Enslaved people from Due west Africa were brought in to piece of work farms in the region.
1659 CE
The offset Khoi-Dutch War occurs with no credible victors. The Dutch, however, claimed the Cape region under a 'right of conquest' which they assumed after the state of war. A serial of wars betwixt Khoikhoi peoples was instigated by the Dutch settlers in successful efforts to proceeds command of their land. In addition, European diseases (such every bit small pox) which the Khoikhoi had no amnesty to, contributed to thousands of Khoikhoi deaths.
1672 CE
Moulay al-Rashid, founds Alaouite Dynasty and is succeeded past his brother, Ismail ibn Sharif (1672–1727). They reunited Fes and Marrakesh under the Morocco and imported slaves from the Sudan to build their military machine and to strengthen the unity of the country.
1673 CE
The Second Khoikhoi-Dutch War occurs, lasting 4 years.
1684 CE
The Rozwi (Rozvi) empire is established on the Zimbabwean Plateau by Changamire Dombo. The empire fought of Portuguese invasion which formed office of Portuguese attempts to gain control of their gold trade. Driving them off the Zimbabwean Plateau, the ensured that Europeans had little presence in the Eastern Highlands of the region.
18TH Century CE
Bornu becomes a eye for Islamic learning.
The Cape colony nether the Dutch grows, bringing slave people from Indonesia, Mozambique and Madagascar. The Khoikhoi resisted the due north motion of the settlement by utilising raids, and guerrilla warfare, thus slowing the colony's expansion for that flow.
An all-female babysitter armed with muskets is established to protect King Agaja in Dahomey, which later developed into a powerful army and assisted in the defeat of the Kingdom of Savi in 1727. Calling themselves ahosi or mino, they were referred also referred to every bit 'Amazons' by European commenters.
1701 CE
The Ashante conquer Denkyira, which offers them access to European littoral trade.
1729 CE
Portuguese presence and authority is removed from the Swahili coast with the help of Omani Arabs, with the area somewhen becoming part of the Sultanate of Oman. Trade was never quite recovered to earlier levels of success.
1798 CE
Egypt is invaded by Napoleon, with French occupation finally removed in 1801 with the aid of British and Ottoman forces. This marked the start of the rivalry betwixt the British and the French for control over Egypt.
19th Century CE
Under Queen Ranavalona I, approximately 150 000 Christians are killed in Madagascar after Christianity is banned.
1804 CE
The Fulani State of war begins, starting every bit a jihad past Gobir (in present-day Nigeria) leader, Usman dan Fodio. Dan Fodio founded the Sokoto Caliphate which lasted until 1903 when northern Nigeria was conquered by the British.
1821 CE
The Funj of north Sudan are conquered by the Pasha of Arab republic of egypt, Muhammed Ali.
1815
The Mfecane (also known equally Difaqane or Lifaquane) period begins during which much warfare occurs betwixt the peoplesof southern Africa. Starting with the rule of King Shaka, the menstruation centred on Male monarch Mzilikazi'due south reign from 1826 – 1836 and finally ended in approximately 1840. States such as modern-day Kingdom of lesotho were formed during this time.
1818
The Battle of Mhlatuze River occurs, during which King Shaka of the Zulus defeats the Ndwandwe.
Fleeing to Mozambique at around 1820 forth with Ngwane chief Sobhuza, they established the Gaza Kingdom and acquired the resident Tsonga people to the Northern Transvaal over the Lebombo Mountains.
1820s CE
Shaka, of the Zulu people, establishes a centralised Zulu kingdom. It would become on to conquer most of its neighbouring kingdoms, and in plough cause mass disruption within much of Southern Africa. Shaka is famous for various war machine inventions such equally the short stabbing spear and a centralised military force non known to the region earlier.
1826 CE
Male monarch Mzilikazi of the Matabele starts his reign in the Transvaal region of Southern Africa. During his ten-year reign, he attempted to decimate all opposition and reorganised the region in efforts to establish the Ndebele guild, resulting in a depopulation of the area. His reign forms part of the Mfecane or Difaqane menses during which much warfare occurred between the peoples of southern Africa.
1830s CE
The Rozwi Empire on the Zimbabwean Plateau is conquered by invading Nguni from Natal and falls into ruins.
1837 CE
The arrival of Boer settlers drive the Matabele people northward of the Limpopo causing them to settle in Zimbabwe in an area which is now known as Matabeleland.
1850s CE
German and British missionaries penetrate most of Southern Africa paving the style for further colonial expansion.
1870s CE
The Kingdom of Buganda (Republic of uganda) becomes a thriving nation-state with impressive naval fleets and significant wealth. Supplanting their rivals, Bunyoro, as the most of import state in the region, the kingdom afterwards became a province of the British Uganda Protectorate in the early on 20th century.
1880 CE
The starting time Anglo-Boer War occurs between British colonisers and the Boer settlers from the Transvaal Republic.
1881 CE
The Madhist war in Sudan was one of the well-nigh serious anti-colonial rebellions of its time. Later on heavy casualties, the war concluded in Great britain's favour, and led to the establishment of the colonial entity the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Administration.
1883 CE
The first Franco-Hova War occurs, during which Madagascar is invaded past the French. The war resulted in the ceding Antsiranana in the northward to France and a big payment to the heirs of Joseph-Francois Lambert, with whom the Lamberts charter was controversially signed by Prince Radama 2 in 1855. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Tamatave in 1886, which gave control over Malagasy strange policy to the French.
1884 CE
Improvement of medicines and inventions, such as the machine gun and the steam boat, opens for the European conquest of the interior of the African continent. In 1884, the Berlin Briefing is held to divide Africa betwixt the various colonial empires. This begins the scramble for Africa, a decade of rapid conquest by diverse European powers of the African continent. Ethiopia is the merely part of Africa which remains independent.
1895 CE
Italian republic invades Ethiopia, attempting to create a colonial country. Afterwards about a year of disharmonize, Ethiopia emerges victorious.
The second Franco-Hova State of war occurs, with the intention of the French to bring the island completely under its protectorate. Starting with the seizing of Tamatave, the French Army marched to Antananarivo (the capital) under Full general Duchesne. A treaty was eventually signed making Madagascar a full Protectorate of the French Regime.
1899 CE
The Second Anglo-Boer State of war occurs and becomes known every bit the nearly destructive mod armed conflict in South Africa's history.
1914 - 1918 CE
What is known equally the Great War, breaks out in Europe. European powers conscript large amounts of soldiers from their colonies in Africa. The returning soldiers are trained in gainsay and are confident in their abilities to gain independence. The stop of the Smashing War in Europe marks the beginnings of many liberation movements on the African continent.
1935 CE
Ethiopia is conquered in the 2nd Italian-Ethiopian war. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia is however liberated by British forces in 1941 as part of the 2d Earth War.
1939 – 1945 CE
The 2nd earth state of war in Europe brings with information technology an increased need for independence from African states. European colonial powers are weak from the war, and American fear of Soviet influence in Africa creates a global political climate in favour of decolonisation.
1948 CE
The National Party in South Africa rises to power, paving the manner for the Apartheid government and its legislations to be implemented in South Africa.
1951 CE
Libya becomes the showtime of the colonised states in Africa to gain its independence.
1952 CE
Egypt gains its independence through a revolution by the Free Officers Movement. This would be the first native Egyptian regime since the Fatimids were defeated in 1171 CE.
1954
The Algerian War for Independence from France begins on 1 November.
1956 CE
Sudan and Tunisia gained their independence.
1960 CE
This year is known as the "year of Africa". Much of the former French colonial Empire was falling apart, and several British colonies also gained their independence this year. This would spell independence for a large amount of African states. Mali, Senegal, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cote d'ivoire, Niger, Republic of chad, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Republic of benin, Gabon, Islamic republic of mauritania and Togo all gained independence in this yr.
1961 CE
Tanganyika, later what was to go Tanzania, and Sierra Leone gained independence from the British Empire.
1962 CE
Later on a brutal war, Algeria gained its independence from French republic. Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda too became independent from Belgium and the United kingdom in this year.
1963 CE
Afterwards more than a decade of various anti-colonial campaigns, such as the Mau-Mau Insurgence, Republic of kenya gained its independence from Uk. Uganda also gained its independence from Britain.
1963 CE
The Organization of African Unity is created. The aims of the organization were to fight against colonialism, go along territorial integrity and better the lives of Africans in general. Information technology was as well an organisation aimed at creating broader unity within the African continent.
1964 – 1968 CE
Malawi, Botswana, Mauritius, Lesotho, Swaziland, Gambia, Zanzibar and Republic of zambia proceeds their independence from Britian.
1975 CE
Portugal was one of the first European colonial nations to begin its conquest of African lands, and was ane of the last to go out. Several lengthy colonial wars in Mozambique and Republic of angola led to dissatisfaction in Portugal and a military insurrection. Equally a result São Tomé and PrÁncipe, Republic of cape verde, Republic of angola, and Mozambique, all became independent.
1990 CE
Later on a lengthy fight against the apartheid authorities in S Africa, Namibia is the final of the African states colonised by European powers to gain independence. This occurs on 21 March, 1990.
1994 CE
Due south Africa has its outset democratic elections, ending white minority rule, and becoming the final nation in Africa to throw off its colonial shackles. The first black president of the republic, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, is elected.
1998 – 2003 CE
The Nifty War of Africa would be one of the largest interstate conflicts after the second world state of war in Europe. It involved eight African nations and a variety of different militias. The conflict began as an internal conflict in the Autonomous Republic of Congo, but came to involve a host of various countries and militias. It is estimated that between 3 and half-dozen million people perished in that war.
2001 CE
The Organisation of African Unity is disbanded in favour of the African Union, every bit the OAU was seem as largely ineffectual and as a "dictators club". The AU launched in 2002 in Due south Africa. the objects of AU are to keep to advance the development of the continent and to accomplish unity and solidarity amid African states.
2009 CE
Boko Haram members brainstorm assassinations and major kidnappings. In 2013, they brainstorm a series of attacks on schools as they kidnap hundreds of school girls, with the intent of raping and selling them.
2011 CE
South Sudan becomes an contained land later on a lengthy and bloody civil war.
2014 CE
Due west Africa begins to experience the largest outbreak of Ebola in history, with multiple countries being affected by the epidemic.
Source: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/africa-timeline
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